Tag Archives: asia

I had just passed a Laotian wedding party – held in the cordoned part of a side-street that evening: tarpaulin, tables of food and drink and smiling, seated guests, others dancing merrily to the band beside a stack of huge speakers, been offered a glass of beer-lao by a guest and then 100 meters later a young girl running; her agonized shrieking alarming.

mekong view - laos

Mekong River – my room with view, Savannakhet

Next second I knew why she was so hysterical. Accident; just happened. Shit. Us first on the scene – more people running towards the carnage now. Two bloody bodies collapsed on motorbike; the front of this small truck massively punched in and windscreen scattered – fallen out in a collective web. Front passenger sitting, staring into space – not moving like attempting to flush out this bad dream, blood streaming down his serious, statue face. On the road below neither men wear helmets; one is fucked and the other is dead.

Reality is suspended in movie surrealism; a frantic, tortured hush of blood and impending death. In these seconds I am helpless – I don’t want to move the injured; surely his back’s broken; I can’t speak Lao; wish I was a doctor – as others  arrive. More people gather shocked, stunned, others frantic in action as Lao men lift the bloody bodies onto the back of the truck and then someone gets into the passenger seat and proceeds to drive towards hospital … as I wander away into the quieter, calmer night, stunned, as thoughts on the philosophy of life and death tease me.  

Just months ago during my hazardous journeys across West Africa on the back of taxi-motorbikes for hours traveling terrible rural or jungle trails – across Togo, Guinea and Sierra Leone – I had wondered when this would happen to me? There’d been so much great accident potential: the near-miss trucks; skidding on steep rocky paths; sliding into mud bogs; nearly-hitting livestock and people; and the constant danger of being humped-off the back of the bouncing bike …

So the sombre walk back to my Mekong River-view guesthouse got me thinking … Where is the luck to avoiding death? What is the logic that determines when one is to be consumed by death? And God tell me, when is it my turn, to die? 

>>> ENTER art exhibition here  (or click image)

mrp-art-ex.jpg

Beautiful Mongolian music – Karakorum, 2005

A small group of travellers listened to this music inside a ger/yurt/traditional Mongolian tent. Unfortunately I forget the name of this brilliant, elderly musican from Karakorum, once the capital of Changgis (Ghengis) Khan’s mighty empire: this song is a tribute to him, written about 100 years ago.

From my diary:  

Little boy aged five maybe 4, in my room talking to me in chirpy Indonesian like he thinks I can speak the language. Seconds of sounds rushing like knee noo, car-cool as he gestures to the fluffy white dog toy - red ribbon around neck – that I hand to him. 

Neighbours and visiting family all wander thru to chat, to see the balway - the white visitor – in this community where communal life is the only-way, in this room in this house in Sarong,  Papua, outer-most Indonesia.

The rains have subsided. The rooster is silent. On the porch outside several young girls sing melodic, Melanesian-church sings accompanied by acoustic guitar. Erica’s sister directs the songs, please sing again ladies; so pleasing are your happy, sincere voices.

Had lunch of grilled fish – the uncle, bearded, eagle tattoos on neck, wooden bracelets, baseball cap, belly-bulged t-shirt, dark-wisened face – descaled the fish, and then wrapped in banana leaves they baked over the fire outside (all cooking facilities are simple and outside).  Also ate other fish – smaller and seasoned in herb soup; with rice, two kinds of local green salads with shapes and colors that resembled a jungle (one leaf apparently, is a prevention against malaria). Dinner was similiar with Erica cooking fantastic fish dishes and a chilli cabbage salad with steamed rice.

Rained hard last night. Our supply of fresh water running off the gutter into a 44 gallon drum. The pump had stopped, our usual water source, which is simply a hose running in from the dirt yard – banana palms, hen pens and roaming chicks, frogs – in from somewhere comes our water each day and into the bathroom: a concrete shell, pale-blue tiled walls and sit-down flush-tiolet broken, an open fresh-water tank from which we scoop out to wash ourselves, clean teeth or flush the bog … The water recieved is brown but clears once the murk settles to the bottom. It’s our water for the next two days.  

Drawing-long on a joint, with Erica out at the market, the room is quiet; only spoons scrapping tin plates in the kitchen – beyond my flapping, curtained-door, fan clugging, and on my discman plays Ali Tour Farka, an Islamic blues guy from Mali; music I first encountered on my 25th birthday seven years ago while waiting for passengers to fill a bush taxi on the streets of a town in Niger, west Africa. It’s easy to reminiece: Sarong reminds me alot of Nigeria.

… Toyota mini-vans serve this sprawling town of shanty and shops as both taxis and buses. The unpainted, browned iron-sheet of many houses. The lush green of the tropics.  The darker skinned and facial features of the people are no longer Asian. The heat and the wet. A dog growls outside, a mouse runs along the floor, a child talks peacefully with another in the kitchen. A rooster’s crowing – why? Strangely there’s seems to be no bird life around here – not even the ubquitious sparrows.

Techno playing loud in front room, young kids dancing. When I watch them, eyes turned from the washing girls out the back to the the dancing girls out the front, them twisting, they laugh hysterically when they catch me watching them. On our porch, two girls sell red fruit they’re collected somewhere, for 300 rupiah each.

Erica and Starlett out the back yard, washing, soaping, scrubbing by hand, where Lukey stirs a massive cauldron of rice. Nearby, in the cupboard, where the pots are stored a black and white cat sleeps – annoyed at being splashed as pots and plates are being washed. Oddly it’s techno music that prevades across this quiet cluster of houses. 

Went to visit other family, grandparents living on the beach. So we took a yellow taxi-van, me and Erica, her brother Lukey, 27, and Erica’s 11 year old son, Felix, and her sister’s three duaghters Ekie – 9, Rosa – 12, Starlett – 15.

And there a stunning vista of deserted sand shaded by palms, tinshack huts and simple homes directly on this beach of nearby offshore islands, outrigger canoes – sailing, paddling in shallow, tuquoise waters. Lazy dogs – hungry for coconut scraps. Trails of red ants under the tree shade. Crabs scuttling into holes in the hot, white sand.

Erica’s grandmother is very-hunched, with walking stick, severl- weathered face – like a witch but listening to reggae techno – loud – very loud. She must be deaf.

Elkie collects scores of various small fish – tiny goldfish, yellow black-striped, crayfish, crabs, blue ones – maybe 10 varieties – to make an aquiruam; later she cried, howled back home at night when fish had all  died (and the howling interrupted our sex – an intense session gripping towards mutual orgasm but ultimately a child crying isn’t sexy and so we stopped, opened the door to attend to the sad, young face (as Erica’s sister and husband were out).

The boys clambered up high to cut coconuts and then with a machette sliced them open for all to consume the milk and fruit.

Today Erica’s son, Felix, finds a balloon under our bed and attempts to blow it up but can’t. He asks Erica to help: she’s shocked – a used condom; she says, it’s not a balloon. What is it ma?” Says “something for adults” – as she throws it in the rubbish box.

All the kids have refused to go to school for the second day running. Threats from Pa came to nothing. Felix plays dominos with anther boy, slapping down the cards. Rosa deep-fries something outside – I hear the hiss of the oil in the wok. All the children seem to be hungry or are they bored? All scraps are eaten. What rare-food-treats I buy are secreted away from the fridge – cheese slices by slice, day by day, a open tin of fruit spoonful by spoonful. I don’t mind but I wonder what they usually eat.

Every second day Erica and I have gone to the market for fruit and vege and to the supermarket for the a few luxury goods I that I’ve bought – biscuits, batteries, tinned sausages, chocolate milk. And everyday Erica has cooked and thru my money they have been fed better than they would usally eat, like grilled fish with many vege dishes. Today Felix was content to eat plain rice. Yesterday, Lukey was frying bananas for everyone; I introduced them to fried, canned-crap-mush-sausages in bread with ketchup …

Their son is in Jakarta awaiting an eye operation and tomorrow, Christine, Erica’s sister leaves for Jakarta to have chermotherapy on a small cancerous tumour near her shoulder. Their medical expenses seem high. But then again, their house is so basic – the poorest here in the street – this dirt lane surrounded by grassland and trees – and what they own is so slight that maybe this is a simple reflection: these people are poor.

So far I’ve supported every rupiah that Erica’s spent over the last 3 weeks – about 4.4  million in the 15 days since Jakarta. Her brother, Lukey is broke and bored here. Nice guy. Nice family. But wonder where I’m going? Way south within Papaua to Maruake – Lukey and Erica have gone to check boat-departure details on the next stage of this crazy blind journey. Going towards a bottomless pit to be broke or a love & business oppportunity or to just experience life cos I get bored easy and need to keep moving?

I had a good life in Jakarta, although work was a bit dull at times and the emotional lonliness of a new woman every week was depressing. But I found love and adventure in Erica: some of the wildest sex ever, and then a nice family experience on a tropical island away from any trappings I ‘d enjoyed in Jakarata, except grass – which bought from JKT, and beer, which is twice the price here because of freight charges but still I must drink it. And so here into the unknown of Papua, outer-most Indonesia – will this work out?  Or waste my time and my money and get me in trouble? Or will it take us further in the world … together?   

LETTER HOME:  

Hot, humid. A tropical port town with dozens of islands offshore, palm-fringed. Kinda like Nigeria meets Samoa maybe, in its appearance and ambience. Very friendly, with a million “Hello misters”. Absolutely no tourists.

 

Sunset from \

Sunset from “our” beach in Sarong

Basic town stretched along coast with few ‘real’ shops buts lots of shacks kiosks, rustic housing, taxi vans and taxi motorbikes as the public transport, wild and colourful markets, tropical trees: bananas, coconut and sago palms, salaks (fruit: brown snakeskin-peel sheltering pear/apple tasting segments), papaya, pineapples, sirsak (soft green spiky skin, fruit big as a loaf of bread, tasting mushie, lemony, melting in your mouth incredible taste and texture).

First stayed some days with Erica’s sister’s family. Small shabby house of five rooms. Polished concrete floor. Jesus pics on wall. Few wooden tribal souvenirs, Chinese vases and flowers. Few things beyond beds, sofas, kitchen table, kitchenware, TV and radio. Cooking by gas or fire in the yard out the back. Washing by bucket – mandi – in a bathroom, as is the traditional Indonesian way. Hens and dogs and cats roaming. Crabs and frogs in the pond. Neighbours young children wandering in and out.

Then we stayed at the beach at Grandparents. Amazingly quiet beach and the view. Wicked sunset island sky. Horizon of palm islands – the nearest 500 metres away, which we reach by paddling to in an outrigger canoe. Basic shack right on sand. (Reminds me of Goa, India). Coconut palms and banana trees. Fishermen in canoes. Swimming warm waters but watch for deadly sea snakes. Coral reefs. Crabs that carry shells on their backs as their mobile homes and other crabs that burrow holes everywhere around the yard, with is the beach and sea.

It’s only 5 metres from our mattress to the water at high tide. Pack of family dogs yelping at nightfall. Family piglet in stilted pen, fattening up above the water, next to the outhouse mandi and toilet, washing water from nearby well. Cooking in a nearby kitchen shack of fire places and gas burner, kitchen bench and pots and utensils hanging in rack outside, beside a small fruit and vege garden.

Had a big beer sess of 52 large bottles one day, with relatives and onlookers; I paid for everything.

Been eating fruit and various BBQ fish, some exotic vege dishes, tempe – slabs of fermented soybeans fried, chilli, and rice. Coffee, fried egg and bread for breakfast. Food luxuries included processed cheese, chocolate chip cookies, beer, tinned sausages.

The beach days were stoned, restful, idyllic; paradise.

Anyway, it was a 12 hour boat trip from Sorong to Fakfak (pronounced fuck fuck!) on our way south to here in Marauke.

Travelled on a large passenger liner that carries thousands: five passenger decks – packed, all cabins booked, all economy benches crammed, and floors, corridors, stairwells – we slept on the covered wooden deck at the rear of the boat, behind the mosque, with scores of others around us.
 
Spent 4 days in Fakfak, awaiting another ship to Merauke, which took 4 days. Quite a journey. Every class cabin booked. Packed boat beyond belief. Thousands camped out on mats with food containers, washing hanging, babies, sleeping women, guitar playing youths, across floors and decks and corridors and on the stairs and even in the lifeboats!  Like a ship of refugees.

Luckily, we found a space on the 7th deck cafe, outdoor, but roofed. Sat a table or on the bench for 48 hours, sleeping, eating, chatting, cramped, with nearly 60 others in a space the size of the lounge and your bedroom. When it rained it rained and everybody was flooded out by the rain-river sweeping along the length of the boat’s deck. Huge waterfalls and surges. Monsoonal. Luckily our luggage was on a bench at our table, otherwise my computer would be history. Families on mats on the steel deck had to evacuate their things off the floor before everything was wet, then stand for hours, or crouch, huddled with others until the deck dried off and they could get back to sleep again. Three times the nights were sodden.

Second night was amazing storm, rocked the liner – people wet, tired, and seasick (not us) – women hopelessly ill, as was her child. Floor awash with plastic papers, cig butts, rubbish, gob, baby piss and puke, to be swept away with the next storm. Sea and sky illuminated by lightning. Lightning. Rain blown into us. Distant red moving of up-and-down lights warning of land in the big black void.

Fortunately when the ship pulled into Timika, we moved to a better space on the second deck of economy benches – like a dormitory open with hundreds camped out, the most wretched toilets that failed to work, often lacking water, abrasive smell of pure ammonia that burnt your nostrils. Timika – because the boat was 6 hours late and we’d missed the tide – was never in view, as we arrived at 3 am, cruising up a river lined by thin, 10 metre trees, white bark glowing under moonlight. Maniacally driven, motorised dug-out canoes sped alongside us, and worn-out colonial riverboats and police launches all hovered around the ship, awaiting passengers down the steps to a barge-boat, others lumbering with luggage across boat decks – scene illuminated by ship floodlights – to the speedy canoes, that when full, zoomed off into the night, river churning, men with flashlights crouched at the front, acting as headlights on this dark river highway.

Meantime porters were chucking luggage and cargo from decks to boats below, others lowering stuff by rope. Then it rained again and the chaos of 25 boats and canoes amplified and passengers exposed, sought umbrellas, mats, plastic over their heads. It was like a jungle scene from a movie set on the Congo River, at night.

Now here in Marauke in southern Irian Jaya / Papua, for the past 4 days, staying with more relatives in a basic but comfortable house.

Cooler weather here, windy, often rainy.  Met up again with Erica’s bro, Lukey, 27, who we’d met with in Sorong and who’d left earlier headed for Marauke (- for boats only come here every fortnight). They have met their father for the first time – he’d separated from their mother when Erica was three, 27 years ago. Their mother died 5 years ago.

Her father was an Captain in the army, Indonesian intelligence. He has an incense – wood – business he wants Erica to help him with, and also a crocodile farm – I held a baby, 24-inch croc yesterday – with skins for export. Erica wants to work here for a few months with business visits to Bali, to make cash and then go to Holland to scatter her mother’s ashes, for she is half-Dutch half-Ambonese (from the Malaku: Spice Islands). And her dad is Irian (west Papua).

Who is Erica: I call her “Jungle girl.” She’s brown, slim, shapely, sexy, crazy, fun, caring, and a mother of three – met her 11-year-old son Felix in Sorong, presently living with her sister, other two kids living with her older German, ex-husband in Bali. I met Erica in Jakarta at a club. She was a high-class pro and has recently given up her speed – amphetamine – addiction (both activities a consequence of broken marriage and hard times). She is also an asthma sufferer and has had two very close calls – to hospital; one the other day here, and the other on the ship from Jakarta.

Now, amazing big bright green frogs sit on the porch at night, under the lights, awaiting insects. The frogs are cute, wide-eyed but their poisonous spit will blind you …

And the large brown ants with green backs, they build houses for their many thousands by climbing trees and twisting and weaving with their silk, living leaves together, to make elaborate nests in the branches of a tree next to the outhouse and shower, a small  enclosure open to the sky, shaded by the fingers of trees, sun warming us as we wash … in the morning.
 
Have been made very welcome by all – family, friends, strangers, even police …

> photos of Papua & Indonesia

Travel article published 1996 & 98 / travels 1994

The Yumbu Lakang monastery is straight from a fairytale – there, clinging to a rocky crag and surrounded by barren ridges, this ancient castle overlooks an oasis amid a mountainous, high-altitude desert. At 4000 metres above sea level this is the Yarlong Valley, the cradle of Tibetan civilisation.

zetang-tibet.jpg

Overlooking the Yarlong Valley from the monastery.

In the valley below, a gravel road runs between grids of freshly-ploughed fields, where clumped-trees stretch to clusters of flat-roofed, white-washed, stone-block villages; there prayer flags flutter slightly in the late-summer breeze. The sun is intense, blinding bright, yet, it’s cold in the shade.

Occasionally, farmers yelling at yoked yaks – break the silence; shouting across the valley and up to the desolate surrounding slopes – brown and without snow; peaks barren and rocky and reaching to the calm, ocean sky.

For hours I enjoy this vista there, there, yeah, the tranquillity until, several army jeeps wind their way up to deliver 20 Chinese soldiers, who proceed to stomp and shout their way up the monastery’s galleries to reach the roof, where I sit. And to the handful that catch my eye I say hello, in Chinese. But soon I’ve become an exhibit, and so head down to the seclusion of the central shrine.

Inside it’s dimly-lit: rows of flaming brass bowls burning yak’s butter, casting shadowy, slightly-spooky vibes. Hanging from the high pillars and down walls are the thangkas – banners of crazed, cartoonish murals with blue, multi-headed demons ringed by skulls and fire. The shrine is a mass of glistening metal, small flames and shadows, dominated by large Buddha statues of serene, golden-faced gods, robed in brocade gowns. Amid this the Dalai Lama’s portrait, engulfed by pilgrims’ offerings – Chinese currency.

To Tibetans the Dalai Lama represents the Bodhisattva of compassion – the focus of Tibetan Buddhism is compassion; he is their god-king. (Dalai means ocean, ocean of wisdom; lama meaning monk. Each Dalai Lama is believed the reincarnation of his predecessor.) And the founding in the 14th century of the Gelugpa, the Virtuous Ones or the Yellow Hat Sect, established the rule of the Dalai Lamas.

It was the Great Fifth Dalai Lama who unified Tibet and built the Potala, the massive fortress-palace that overlooks Lhasa. However across the following centuries a succession of Dalai Lamas ruled Tibet yet it suffered foreign invasions and remained largely under Chinese influence until 1912.

Tibet’s independence was brief … In 1950 came Chinese communist occupation and since 1959 Tibet has been without it’s spiritual leader after the Chinese Army crushed a rebellion, forcing the Dalai Lama and 80,000 Tibetans to flee to India (where they reside today). When the Cultural Revolution of 1966 – 76 swept across China – it also battered Tibet. During this period some 2000 Tibetan monasteries were damaged or destroyed.

AROUND 2000 years ago the First Tibetan King built the Yumbu Lakang but with the end of the monarchy in the 9th century it was converted into a Buddhist monastery (but after demolition by Red Guards the Yumbu Lakang was later rebuilt in the 1980s). Now the temple’s interior lacks that ancient, musty smell, typical of the older, surviving monasteries.

I watch the elderly monk polishing a small brass bowl, then replacing it amid the row of bowls running the length of the shrine. As he starts on another bowl, he sees me and I grin, then, putting my fingers in my ears I point to the noise upstairs. He beams a smile, then repeats my charade. But as he does this, saying something in Tibetan, a group of screeching Chinese soldiers enter. The monk goes silent. I break the situation by hissing – “Ssssh!”, finger to my lips. “You guys are too noisy. This is a holy place, not a circus!” They behave. The elderly Tibetan seems pleased at my action. But minutes later another lot arrives, and while some are quiet, respectful, most are loud and laughing – as if at an amusement park. One lad acts a sleeping charade on the monk’s couch. After 20 minutes the soldiers leave, and calm returns to the monastery.

It’s late in the afternoon when I begin the 12 km walk back to the town of Zetang. It’s cold where the tall poplar trees shade the deserted gravel road.

In the surrounding fields farmers urge yaks and plough across dry, dredged dirt. One group sits on sacks on the soil, eating, and they wave me over to join them and so I do.

Immediate smiles from two middle-aged women in faded black robes – sleeveless, pink shirts protruding, twists of pink and blue cloth in their black, plaited hair. A third woman wears her dark traditional garments with a Mao cap. Of the two men present, the younger is dressed in Chinese peasant wear while the elderly guy wears tribal tunic and trousers. He is the headman and offers me an empty sack on which to sit. His short black hair is clean-shaven round the ears; his brown-red face etched, lines reaching from eyes to ears when he grins, more rippling round the bulge of his cheeks as he urges me to eat.

From one thermos he pours yak’s butter tea – unsweetened, oily, buttery-tasting. Another thermos contains chang – a sour, flat, barley beer. To eat there is small flat bread and tsampa (a coarse flour made from parched barley, it’s textile like dough) and boiled potatoes, which we peel then dip in a bowl of watery, tasty chilli. I offer my biscuits and sweets for dessert with yak’s butter tea. Afterwards the old man offers cigarettes. Very few words are spoken but for 20 minutes we communicate via charades and smiles.

Upon leaving I thank them, in Tibetan. As I shake the old guy’s hand, he raises it up, placing it against his forehead, then utters … something.

Back on the lonely dusty road, passing trails of tatty, five-colour prayer flags, the breeze sweeping their mantras heavenwards, I think what his words could have meant: maybe a sense of hope and thanks, maybe a prayer for Tibet – maybe that, yes, here where still the spirit survives.

beggar

Beggar & baby in Lhasa

Last night I dreamed a disturbing dream. Was walking somewhere, down some road when I came upon a street brawl. Within minutes the fight engulfed me. I felt every kick, every punch as I sunk, swollen to the ground. Brutal beating. And horror – as liquid drowsed my body wet and ree king of gasoline and flame.

That sanitised hospital smell, the bright lights, white walls and nurses are what I remember next. And then facing my bandaged, melted face and thinking: Am I glad to be alive? Wondering how could I face family and friends with this new look. Burnt beyond recognition. Asking myself how could I live that same confident life now that I’m grotesque. Ugly as sin, as they say; as people no doubt would say, or think. There goes my any chance of a wife.

And when I got home it was as I foresaw. Frightening children, sinking friendships, shelving the looks-are-only-superficial facade and realising that I couldn’t cope with the new me. I wanted to end it. I wanted the old me. I wanted people to remember me that way.

And I recall getting excessively high – then putting the pistol to my head, knowing as I did that I’d opted for the easy option. Dying. Knowing I wasn’t the strong, determined person that I’d thought myself to be.

Waking from that vivid dream some hours later still in Kontum, in the highlands of Vietnam, I realise – the movement in the corner of my eye -somebody stops and stares as I drink fresh orange juice in a dirt-floored shack -which is a shanty restaurant open to the street. At first I don’t really notice him. Just another curious person. Just another tribal. Just one of the million today who’ve stopped to look.

Just another beggar … Just another pained face. I glance again – I’m stunned.

My mouth hangs like the melted skin that drips from his face. He’s a zombie !!! Christ! It ain’t real. I dart my eyes back. This time he shyly turns away. And me too – shit, I’m gaping at a living horror – it ain’t polite. But this is real. A man with a melted face. A face of waxy, oozing flesh and thick- stretched, whitened lips. And an eyeball exposed, round and bulging from the skull. The man with the Napalm skin stares. But catching my gaze, he turns. I feel sick.

That man is me from my nightmare. But he’s better than me: A person who wants to survive because life is worth any lost vanity.

I’m guilt-struck, and feel the urgency to gain his approval. As soon as our eyes re-connect, I smile and call: Jarao! Hello in Vietnamese He grins. (His cracked, blistered face like a happy horror.) I wonder how often has anyone said “Hi” to him. Alone, and looking like a misfit.

I want to photograph this guy – but lack the courage, the nerve to confront such a task. Some minutes later, he’s away, hobbling and bent. His warped, blistered face.

He looked like a freak from hell – and probably felt it but really it is I who is the freak, for thinking of him so.

travel article 1997 / travels 1991 

IN BANGLADESH, Mother Earth fluctuates fast between friend and foe: the mighty rivers that flow from the Himalayas give life, while seasonal storms reap death.

What happens in faraway lands is usually irrelevant when watched on telly in New Zealand. However with recent storms in Bangladesh and New Zealand, such headlines jolted me back to when I was caught in one of Bangladesh’s worse-ever cyclones.
 
While the world witnessed it on T.V: I’d watched from a window within its path.

Bangladesh is roughly half the size of New Zealand but home to 117 million people, making it the world’s most-densely populated country, with 813 people per sq km! Located between India, Burma and the Bay of Bengal – where monsoonal winds whip in from the west, often devastating the southern coast of Bangladesh.
 
Most of the country is flat, with the crowded deltaic lowlands supporting much of the population. Here the great rivers of the Ganga, the Brahmaputra and the Meghna flood to replenish the intensively-cropped land. From the Ganga River alone, over 1.4 billion tonnes of silt is washed down from the Himalayas each year – nearly fives times that of the Amazon. Upon these low-laying deltas and islands of fertile mud, farming (and fishing) communities thrive, but it is these areas that are most prone to cyclones.
 
The rivers and their many tributaries are the main mode of transportation in Bangladesh and so in the city of Khulna, I boarded a battered colonial steamboat to Dacca, capital of Bangladesh.
 
The journey took 28 hours.

Amongst the masses on the upper deck was like a street scene from Calcutta. People filled every space: babies crying, women cooking, goats bleating, hawkers shouting, Muslim males praying as others slept, as the engine droned endlessly. It proved impossible to sit anywhere, until an old man offered me some space on his cardboard – it kept our butts off the damp, rusting deck.
 
Beside us an elderly Muslim couple shaded from the sun beneath a sheet, tied between the railing and a wall peg. The woman was asleep, slouched against her husband, shrouded by black cloth and veil, only her henna-laced hands exposed to the outsider’s eyes. 
 
It is the Muslim dominance of Bangladesh – at 86% of the population, that saw the country’s creation. Following the Partition of Hindu-dominated India in 1947, East Bengal (as Bangladesh was once called) united with Muslim Pakistan to become East Pakistan. But tensions between dominant West Pakistan and Bengali East Pakistan later ignited into unrest and war in 1970. Supported by India, East Pakistan soon gained independence to become Bangladesh.

Since then military regimes have dominated government, until 1991, when democracy arrived with the change from a Presidential to a Parliamentary system, ushering in Bangladesh’s first female Prime Minster, Begum Khaleda. (Sheikh Hasina, another woman, leads Muslim Bangladesh today.)
  
COX’S BAZAAR began as a colonial town on the east coast of Bangladesh, founded in 1798 by Lieutenant Hiram Cox of the British East India Company. In recent times it has become a quiet holiday town, noted for the world’s longest sandy beach – stretching 120 kilometres to the Burmese border. I had reckoned on some laziness in the sun, but it wasn’t meant to be …
 
On the day of my arrival, April 29th 1991, it began to rain. During the evening it sharpened to a Wellington Southerly -torrents of rain and gale-force winds. Gusts shook the old hotel, rattling windows. Outside, palm trees buckled and flapped. Roofing iron clattered, bits crashing, things cracking. Along the corridor windows broke as roaring wind accelerated like a Jumbo jet. The windows in my room ripped free – shattering glass; wooden frames bashing, curtains sucked out, as wind and rain and leaves flew inside. Wave after wave of shrieking winds, that lasted 3 or 4 hours, reaching its zenith about midnight.
 
Next morning I woke confused, surrounded by water and leaves – the windows broken, the concrete floor like an autumn swimming pool. This was no dream. The wreckage beyond my room was immense.
 
A gentle breeze caressed Cox’s Bazaar as I wandered damaged streets, where bloated cows lay stiff, where children looked frightened. Banana plantations were shredded. Palm trees torn loose or bent like spiked umbrellas. Buildings had walls ruined, iron roofing scattered. A shed that was a shop sat on its side; thrown down a riverbank.
 
On the edge of town whole settlements had been washed away by huge tidal surges. Boys waded chest-deep through swamped areas, clutching salvaged bamboo beams. The pristine beach was littered with debris; scores of fishing trawlers sat wedged amid homes; dense rows of mature pines were snapped like matchsticks. Two women wept as they searched the sand, their fingers mining where their home had been. They found a pot.   
 
Days later there was still no electricity, no running water in the hotel. I washed from well-drawn water, and drunk the same mucky brown stuff – aided by purifying tablets. Meantime the locals began repairs; the clang of hammers across the tranquillity.

I now realised the enormity of the storm having read a Bengali English-language newspaper: “Wind speeds averaging 120 km per hour and peaking at 250 km per hour; 139,000 dead; 1.7 million made homeless.”
 
The pressure of Bangladesh’s increasing population and the resilience of the human spirit ensures people return to rebuild and take their chances in this, a hazardous yet fertile land, where cyclones and rivers shape the rhythms of life.